Hongos Saprolegniasis en peces

Saprolegniasis en peces

 Los hongos Saprolegniales (Saprolegniasis) son los que mas regularmente parasitan a peces de acuario, esta variedad no utiliza las heridas de los peces para alimentarse de piel muerta directamente, sinó que entra en el pez a traves de la herida y luego produce lesiones en el pez para alimentarse.

Esta página es una del sector de 60 enfermedades, para ver todas presiona la siguiente imagen o link:

60 enfermedades de peces60 enfermedades de peces

 

Que son los hongos:

Los hongos pertenecen al reino llamado Fungi, no al Vegetal ni al reino Animal, se nutren con materia orgánica sin vida ( Saprofitos ), algunos se alimentan de piel muerta que puede haber en materia en descomposición o en las heridas de los peces y otros ingresan gracias las heridas y producen degradación en partes del pez para consumirla.

Existen variadas especies acuáticas pero trataremos las que son realmente peligrosas para los peces.

 

Introducción:

Normalmente este parásito no puede afectar a los peces si no tienen heridas o si el pez no está con el sistema inmunológico bajo, no pueden atravesar el mucus protector.

Por lo cual las condiciones del acuario y bioma donde viven pueden ser causantes de la parasitación si estan mal, sea por PH , temperatura, problemas de bacterias benéficas u otros.

Esta enfermedad puede ser causada por Saprolegnia parasitica, Saprolegnia diclina y Saprolegnia ferax genralmente y Achlya o Aphanomyces.

Suelen afectar a puestas pues estas no tienen defensas, salvo en variedades de peces que cuidan los huevos poque apartan los huevos afectados.

 

 

Tratamientos: 

Signos clínicos y daños que produce:

Se detecta por las heces de los peces por ser algodonosas blancas o grisaceas y afecta solo a peces de agua dulce porque este parásito no soporta la salinidad.

El pez afectado se aisla nadando lento por los rincones del estanque o acuario o cerca de la superficie del agua notándose respiración agitada, falta de apetito y se puede notar que el pez se rasque contra rocas u objetos del acuario.

Tambien a medida que avanza la gravedad de esta enfermedad se pueden detectar zonas algodonosas en la piel e inflamación, suelen afectar inicialmente la cabeza y dorso,  despues la boca, aletas y branquias.

Estos hongos parásitos producen ulceraciones y lesiones en los tejidos a causa de su acción necrótica que realizan para posteriormente poder alimentarse de ellos.

A la vez estas lesiones abren las puertas a otras enfermedades o parásitos.

 

Tratamiento:

Como toda enfermedad o parasitación para curar el primer paso es optimizar la calidad del agua a fin de mejorar urgente las defensas inmunológicas del pez.

Luego tratar con salinidad si la especie del pez la soporta y con otros métodos que generalmente se utilizan para tratar heridas de peces.

Pero en casos graves conviene tratar el pez con un antibiótico pues ya las heridas pudieron permitir el ingreso de otras enfermedades bacterianas.

 

Fuentes: Propias y el acuario gallego

Autor : Mariano Rodríguez Resistencia Chaco Argentina

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Fecha última actualización: 08/03/2020