Tuberculosis en peces

La tuberculosis en peces es muy peligrosa y común en el acuarismo, generalmente causada por la bacteria Mycobacterium piscium.

 También se llama así a la enfermedad causada por bacterias Mycobacterium marinum, las cuales pueden contraer los humanos por ingreso en  heridas al tener contacto con agua que tenga estos organismos sean en la naturaleza o acuarios.

Esta página es una del sector de 60 enfermedades, para ver todas presiona la siguiente imagen o link:

60 enfermedades de peces60 enfermedades de peces

Sólo los peces portadores del germen son causantes del contagio y se transmite por la ingestión de material infectado.
Cuando los signos clínicos se sintomas de tuberculosis y son muy claros las posibilidades de salvar al pez son muy pocas, pues ya fueron afectados gravemente en sus órganos internos.
Por lo cuál es fundamental apartar a un pez enfermo para darle óptimizas condiciones y tratamiento para tratar de recuperarlo.
Pues de quedar en el acuario por más que ya esté bien su agua, si el pez muere será comido en partes por otros peces produciendo el contagio y transmisión de la enfermedad. 

En vivíparos la crías al nacer ya estarán infestados de esta enfermedad.

Pero peces con el sistema inmunológico óptimo o en óptimas condiciones tienen posibilidades de recuperarse de un contagio inicial.

Por lo cual las condiciones generales que le pueden brindar buenas defensas ( ph del agua, temperatura, nitrogenados del agua, alimentación sana, etc...) son fundamentales para prevención y curación de está enfermedad.


Signos clínicos: 

Los signos clínicos de esta enfermedad varían dependiendo de la especie y del grado de infección o avance de la enfermedad.
No son síntomas porque ninguno es específico de está enfermedad

Generalmente se presenta con peces aislados con nado lento por el fondo, pueden perder el apetito y adelgazar lo que baja más las defensas y agrava la enfermedad dándole fuerza.
Está debilidad puede provocar ingreso de otras enfermedades como exoftalmia.
Pero algo característico a medida que se agrava es hundimiento de la región abdominal,  pérdida de escamas, aletas retraidas y sobre todo se presenta deformacion mandibular y en la columna vertebral.
Pudiendo combinarse con ascitis o retención de líquidos con hinchazón extrema del pez la cual puede traer hemorragias en la panza y erizamiento de escamas.

Pudiendo además verse claramente machas oscuras en las agallas o abultamiento. 

 

 


Daños que produce: 

Daños internos en el sistema digestivo, riñones, en el bazo y en la vejiga natatoria. 

En ellos pueden aislarse, bacterias en forma de bastón de entre 2 a 10 mieras, Gram positivas y ácidos resistentes. 

Pudiendo con el tiempo formar en d órganos internos nodulos tuberculosos, que luego degeneran en los llamados granulomas pigmentados, que son el resultado de la destrucción y necrosis de esos tejidos, ya en este grado la enfermedad es mortal e irreversible.


Tratamiento:

No se conoce un tratamiento realmente eficaz totalmente..Sólo es seguro que se debe dar óptimas condiciones al pez para tratar de salvarlo combinando estas con el tratamiento fármaco. 
Siempre apartando al pez enfermo para evitar contagio por canibalismo si muere.

En los primeros estados de la enfermedad puede tratarse con estreptomicina y PAS (ácido paraaminosalicílico) unos 650 mg por cada 5 1. 

También puede utilizarse sulfanoami-das. 

La Kanamycina al 0,01 % en la alimentación o en baños 0,02-0,05 g/1, ha sido citada como bastante eficaz. 

Una alimentación a base de comida viva, protozoos y mantener a los peces en una solución de 2,5 g de acriflavina y 2 g de azul de metileno por cada 1000 1 de agua durante unos quince días, puede dar abundantes casos de curaciones.

 Tal vez el tratamiento más eficaz es la aureomicina (26 mg/1) durante cuatro días, repitiendo la dosis el segundo día.

Consejos finales: 

- Apartar urgente a un pez con síntomas de nado lento, debilidad u otros de los síntomas iniciales descriptos. 

- Observar con cuidado a peces al comprarlos y respetar una cuarentena de una semana mínimo.

- Como ya se explicó, óptima calidad de agua del acuario es fundamental para prevención y tratamiento.


Fuentes: Datos propios, farmacología de Ecured. Acubiomed.

Mariano Rodríguez, Resistencia Chaco, Argentina.

Para mas información y tratamientos visite los sectores de tratamientos y de química, o la lista de temáticas que tratamos:

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Fecha última actualización: 07/03/2020