Como utilizar agua de ósmosis en acuarios y que es

Agua de Ósmosis en el acuario

Aprende que es el agua de Ósmosis,  que son la Ósmosis natural e inversa y como se utiliza en acuarios asi como para que sirve?.

Todos estos temas que conlleva al hablar de Ósmosis los trataremos brevemente de forma que los entiendan, asi aprenderán que utilidad tiene asi como en que casos utilizar.

 

Este tema tiene varias partes:

1 - Que es la Ósmosis?

2 - Ósmosis natural e inversa:

3 - Para que se utiliza y si hay peligros de excederse en utilizar determinada cantidad.

4 - Como se utiliza.

5 - Y un muy buen Trabajo al respecto de un amigo y maestro: Introducción a la Osmorregulación, por Fran_lm

 

1 Que es la Osmosis?:

Existe un fenómeno de ósmosis cuando se da la existencia de una membrana semipermeable (como puede ser la membrana celular de los seres vivos) que separa dos medios líquidos con distinta concentración de solutos o sales minerales ( son las que dan la concetracion de sales que tendrá el KH  o el GH).

Cuando esto ocurre, existe una tendencia termodinámica a que se igualen las concentraciones de sales a ambos lados de la membrana.

Por ejemplo si agregamos sal común al acuario o bicarbonato de sodio alterará la concentracion de esta sal mineral en el agua.
Y por ósmosis también alterará la concentración de esta sal dentro del pez cuando atraviesen la piel de los peces por ósmosis.. ( se utiliza en tratamientos con salinidad para reducción de líquidos o para Hidropesía.)
A esto se llama ósmosis natural.

Osmosis en acuario 1

2 Ósmosis natural e inversa:

Ahora que entendemos que es la ósmosis natural podemos hablar de la ósmosis inversa.
Está es la forma en que se puede separar estas sales mediante una membrana que no permite el paso de las sales.
Es decir a un agua que contiene sales minerales que le dan su KH y GH , la obligan a traspasar esta membrana la cual retendrá las sales por lo cuál al traspasar quedará libre de sales minerales y por lo tanto en KH y GH 0.

En si se puede decir básicamente que el KH es la concentración de bicarbonatos y carbonatos del acuario,  a  más sean será mayor.
Y el GH las concentración de todas las sales minerales
Para disponer de esta agua se utilizan equipos de ósmosis inversa los cuales extraen la concentración de sales minerales las cuales dan el KH y GH logrando crear la conocida agua de osmosis la cual tendrá 0 KH y 0 GH.

 

12 Tips al respecto de Química:( si pulsás una imágen del carrusel de imágenes pasa al sector de típs de Química )

Es necesario que entiendan del PH. KH y GH para seguir comprendiendo. Química básica de acuario

3 Para que se utiliza y si hay peligros de excederse en utilizar determinada cantidad:

Se utiliza para bajar el KH y PH en acuarios con bastante diferencia en sus concentraciones ( Ej: PH 8 y bajar a PH7  bajando el KH para poder lograrlo)

El KH o tampón buffer es la cantidad de carbonatos y bicarbonatos basicamente ( no pasaremos a mas consideraciones quimicas para no complicar mas el tema), estos a mas sean son los que mantienen la estabilidad del PH.

Química básica de acuario

Química básica de acuarios

Si agregamos mucha agua de Ósmosis en el acuario bajará el kh.

Un agua con bajo KH 0 es muy peligrosa porque no tiene resistencia a ser alterada en el PH, es decir puede fluctuar fácilmente y alterarse muchos grados en el día matando los peces.
Y en el acuario es normal que se alteren factores que dan el ph por acumulación de desechos o actividad bacteriana, por CO2 el cual varía durante el día por la actividad de las plantas o algas por falta de fotosintesis por la noche, etc... Horario de medir el PH o variaciñon del PH durante el dia.

El kh mínimo recomendable es 3.

4 Como se utiliza:

El agua de Ósmosis se utiliza para bajar el PH de acuarios y KH, es necesario tener test de KH y PH para hacerlo.Test de acuarios cuales son necesarios

Supongamos un caso extremo de PH 8, 5 para bajar un grado. 

Esto dependera de cuan alto sea el KH pues no permitirá que baje el PH y para ello al cambiar agua ( 30 % ) se debe mezclar agua de grifo con agua de Ósmosis pudiendo hacerlo al 50% para bajar el KH  y ver efectos que pueda producir en el PH al dia siguiente.

Estos cambios se pueden seguir haciendo cada 3 a 4 dias en 25%  con intensa limpieza asi bajarán gradualmente el KH y PH, una reducción muy rapida puede hacerles mucho mal a los peces.

Siguiendo este caso de PH 8,5, debemos aclarar que la graduación del PH es logarítmica por lo cual  un grado del PH significa que el agua es 10 veces mas alcalina y eso es mucho por lo que pueden compreder que solo el 10% de la alcalinidad del acuario debera quedar para que el PH baje 1 grado., de PH 8, 5 A 7,5.

Por lo cual la bajada será gradual y demorará algunas semanas, tras lo cual definitivamente llegara al PH y  KH que deseen, de alli en mas los cambios de agua deberán ser de agua de grifo mezclada con agua de Ósmosis, en este caso tratado era de 1 parte de grifo en 9 de osmosis porque el agua de grifo tenía PH y KH muy elevado.

Ya para bajar una menor diferencia las cantidades variarían pues la concentración de material alcalino o de carbonatos a bajar sería menor.

Lo que si siempre les recomiendo hacerlo gradualmente por los peces si hay en el acuario y por el sistema bacteriano benéfico.

Deben dominar el tema de Quimica de acuarios  para hacer cualquiera de estos procedimientos.

Como detalle de recomendaciones recomiendo utilizar solo en alteraciones de PH 7, 5 para arriba y en KH mayor a 5.

Un PH cercano a 7  y un KH 5 o menor ya se altera facilmente con acidos tánicos de plantas o troncos, con CO2  y naturalmente por actividad bacteriana.

 

Espero haberme sabido explicar bien, si no entienden algo avisen o para agregar información. cualquier duda contáctenme: Mariano Rodríguez
 

Para mayor comprensión les dejo un magnifico trabajo de un amigo:

5 Introducción a la Osmorregulación, por Fran_lm:

Fuente: Introducción a la Osmorregulación
Escrito 09-12-2013 a las 06:55 PM por Fran_lm 


Estimados compañeros:

El amigo Mariano me ha hecho notar recientemente que sería interesante contar con alguna noción relativa al concepto de osmorregulación en acuariofilia, por lo que he preparado este breve escrito que espero que os resulte tan sencillo como revelador.

Cómo empezar semejante tema acerca de la regulación del potencial osmótico si no es haciendo referencia al proceso conocido como “ósmosis”. Dicho de forma muy sencilla: existe un fenómeno de ósmosis cuando se da la existencia de una membrana semipermeable (como puede ser la membrana celular de los seres vivos) que separa dos medios líqudos con distinta concentración de solutos. Cuando esto ocurre, existe una tendencia termodinámica a que se igualen las concentraciones de soluto a ambos lados de la membrana mediante el paso de disolvente a través de la misma.

 

Dicho de otra manera: hay un flujo neto de disolvente desde el compartimento de menor concentración de soluto hasta el compartimento de mayor concentración de soluto, para así tratar de igualar las concentraciones, como aparece representado en la siguiente imagen: 

Pues bien, llevémonos este principio químico a un contexto biológico: la célula.

Las células contienen en su interior multitud de solutos de diferentes características, y como ya he comentado con anterioridad, su membrana funciona como una membrana semipermeable; por lo tanto, si las células se encuentran en un medio con distinta concentración de solutos de la que hay en su interior, habrá fenómeno de ósmosis. Si la concentración de solutos (también conocida como osmolaridad), es mayor en el medio exterior que en el interior celular.

Hablamos de que el medio es hipertónico o de que la células es hipotónica con respecto al medio, y para compensar esta diferencia el agua tiende a salir de la célula (se deshidrata).

 

En el caso contrario, si la osmolaridad del medio es menor que la del interior celular, decimos que el medio es hipotónico o que la célula es hipertónica con respecto al medio, y en este caso agua del medio entra a la célula (se hincha).

Nótese que cuando la osmolaridad del medio es igual a la del interior celular hablamos de un medio isotónico, donde no hay flujo neto de disolvente.
 

Efectos en agua dulce:

Con esta pequeña introducción, vámonos al acuario dulce: ¿Cómo lidian los peces con esta situación? Dado que el agua dulce tiene muy pocas sales disueltas (baja concentración de solutos), los peces de agua dulce son hipertónicos con respecto al medio.

Por lo explicado arriba, esto se traduce en un continuo paso de agua desde el medio hasta el interior del pez (de la zona de menor concentración de soluto hasta la de mayor concentración). Como os podéis imaginar, de no existir mecanismos de osmorregulación los peces se terminarían hinchando tanto que literalmente estallarían (de hecho es fácil ver este fenómeno con células aisladas incluso en casa, con un microscopio doméstico).

 

¿Cómo luchan contra este fenómeno los peces de agua dulce?:

Principalmente valiéndose de sus riñones, los cuales producen continuamente grandes cantidades de urina muy diluida, de esta manera, todo el agua que entra mediante mecanismo osmótico la compensan orinando el mismo volumen.

Me gustaría que os dieseis cuenta de que cuanto más blanda es el agua (menor concentración de solutos o materia a disolver) mayor es la presión osmótica contra la que los peces tienen que luchar, dado que es mayor la diferencia de concentraciones entre el medio y el interior del pez.

 

Utilización de Osmosis y salinidad para tratamientos en peces:

Y es precisamente este el fundamento y la utilidad de la “osmoterapia” o tratamiento (siempre temporal) con salinidad en el caso de peces enfermos (por ejemplo con retención de líquidos) o estresados.

Al añadir sal al agua, la diferencia entre la concentración de solutos en el agua del acuario y el interior del pez disminuye, por lo que disminuye la presión osmótica, por así decirlo el agua entra con menor fuerza en el pez, y este no tiene que “luchar” tanto contra este flujo de entrada de agua.

 

Efectos en peces de mar:

A modo de curiosidad, sin ánimo de extenderme más, me gustaría señalar que la situación de los peces de agua salada es completamente opuesta a los de agua dulce: son hipotónicos con respecto al medio (dada la alta concentración de solutos del agua salada), por lo que el agua, en vez de “entrar”, “sale” de ellos, lo cual exige mecanismos de osmorregulación completamente distintos a los de agua dulce, que implican la excreción de sales por parte del pez (disminuyendo así la osmolaridad interna).

Espero que este breve escrito os sea de interés y os ayude a entender el por qué de la osmoterapia en agua dulce. Fran_lm

 

Autores y fuentes: Mariano Ariel Rodríguez. -  Argentina_ Chaco Fram_Im España

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1 voto. Media 5.00 de 5.

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Fecha última actualización: 22/04/2020