Septicemia Hemorrágica Bactérica en peces

Esta enfermedad virósica infectocontagiosa que afecta a peces, sobre todo a salmónidos y peces de agua fría, originada por el virus de la septicemia hemorrágica viral (VHS o VHSV), perteneciente al orden de Monomegavirales, familia Rhabdoviridae, género Novirhabdovirus.

Esta página es una del sector de 60 enfermedades, para ver todas presiona la siguiente imagen o link:

60 enfermedades de peces

El cual lo pueden ver en la siguiente imágen de Microscopio:

Ataca a peces de todas las edades y afecta produciendo hemorragias y daños cerebrales siendo mortal generalmente si no se detecta a tiempo.

Síntomas:

Inicialmente se asocia con nado lento en la superficie del agua, luego pasa a dar volteretas y prosigue con lesiones visibles que se incrementan tras lo cual mueren de no ser tratados los peces a tiempo.
Hemorragias generalizadas en distintas partes del cuerpo de forma externa con acumulación de líquido y erizamiento de escamas y en órganos internos.
También puede originar Exoftalmia ( ojos hinchados e Inicialmente) e inflamación en la parte anal.
Inicialmente no se presentan hemorragias externas visibles. Es muy contagioso.

Causantes:

Son parte natural de biomas acuáticos y del sistema bacteriano del acuario y como muchas enfermedades las malas condiciones del agua y por consiguiente bajas defensas inmunológicas de los peces los dejan propensos a ataques de estos virus.

Sobre todo por dieta baja proteica y con muchas grasas.

Tratamiento:

Desgraciadamente solo es curable de ser tratado en casos leves cuando recién se inicia el problema.

- El tratamiento se debe complementar corrigiendo las malas condiciones que originaron el problema.

- De está forma con óptima calidad del agua mejorará el sistema inmunológico de los peces ayudando a la curación.

- Complementar con una temperatura algo alta para acelerar el metabolismo del pez y curación, aumentando oxigenación pues el agua retiene menos oxígeno a mayor temperatura.

- Cambios de agua de 10% diario con intensa limpieza.

- Optimización del PH de ser necesario.

- Salinidad si la especie lo resiste ayudará muchísimo para las heridas, mucus, agallas y respiración; además la salinidad reduce líquidos retenidos por Osmorregulacion.

- Utilizar Aloe Vera o Sabila puede ayudar mucho a curar heridas y como analgésico por lo cual desestresa y mejora el sistema inmunológico ayudando a la curación.

Fármacos:

En casos de fármacos que afecten bacterias benéficas conviene hacer cambios de 20% diario con Intensa limpieza y plantas para reducir amoniaco por no haber bacterias benéficas. Manteniendo la dosis de medicamento.

. Salinidad combinada con Mebendazol y Cloranfenicol:

1 comprimido de cada uno cada 20l y hasta 4 gramos de sal marina cada litro ( para aplicar salinidad se debe controlar si la especie a tratar la resiste, para ello pueden ver en el tema Salinidad que especies no pueden ser tratados así y deben averiguar en si hay antecedentes de tratamiento salino en la especie)

. Cloranfenicol o derivados de tetraciclina en el alimento:

( mezclar con la comida) 10mg/gr de alimento. Inyección si el tamaño del pez da: 10-25mg/kg de peso.

. Baños con azul de metileno:

( hasta de 10 horas diarias).

. Verde malaquita:

Baños de 1 hora 1-2mg/l.

. Acriflavina(tripaflavina):

Puede ayudar de ser tratado con los primeros síntomas.

. Nitrofurazona:

1mg/l en baños de 10 minutos.

. Sulfameracina:

50mg/l en baño prolongado de 72 horas.

. Nifurpirinol:

10mg/l con cambios de agua cada 3 días, repitiendo la dosis.

. Estreptomicina:

Inyectada 20-30mg/kg.

. Oxitetraciclina:

Usada en casos difíciles a razón de 50mg/l durante tres días, cambiando el agua cada 24 horas.

Autor: Mariano Rodríguez, Resistencia Chaco Argentina

Fuentes de temas : Datos propios, Wikipedia, Acuariogallego, Ecured, Asociación Zuliana de acuariofilia.

Para mas información y tratamientos visite los sectores de tratamientos y de química, o la lista de temáticas que tratamos:

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Fecha última actualización: 31/03/2020